|
Attributions |
Samples |
Outcomes |
|
Internal, Controllable |
Effort |
For Success: A child put effort into a problem. If he achieved
the problem he gains a positive attitude and believes he can succeed in the
future by putting forth effort. For Failure: If a child attributes his/her failure to a lack of
effort then the child may still believe that he/she could succeed in the
future by putting forth more effort. This can influence a future leaner by
trying harder to succeed in a task in the future. |
|
External, Controllable |
Study environment |
For Success: A child attributes success on homework to creating
an environment with no distractions. For Failure: A child attributes failure on homework to being
distracted by TV, parents, friends, etc. over and over again. The child
believes that in the future he/she could have success by removing the
distractions. This can influence a future learner by learning not to study
with distractions going on. By doing this, a child could succeed with. |
|
Internal, Uncontrollable |
Ability |
For Success: A child believes he is capable at this task and that
he can succeed again in the future. For Failure: A child tries hard at figuring out a problem. Not
being able to figure this problem can make a child feel dumb and stupid, if
he attributes his failure to his ability. This lowers a child's confidence
and effort to complete a task. Child may develop learned helplessness. |
|
External, Uncontrollable |
Very difficult task/problem |
For Success: Child thinks she succeeded because she got lucky or
received extra help. DoesnŐt raise confidence for future. Part of learned
helplessness pattern – child always blames herself (ability) for her
failure but doesnŐt take credit for her success. For Failure: Child blames the failure on the difficulty of the
problem. The child may believe that she can still succeed in the future if
the task isnŐt so hard but she may not take responsibility for her own
learning because she is blaming her failure on something external and
uncontrollable. |